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Tamar

Portrait of Tamar

Tamar was the daughter-in-law of Judah who became widowed after the deaths of her first two husbands, Er and Onan, and was then denied marriage to Judahโ€™s remaining son Shelah despite the levirate custom that obligated him to provide her an heir. To secure her rightful place and offspring, she disguised herself as a prostitute, conceived twins by Judah, and later confronted him with evidence of his responsibility, prompting his acknowledgment that she was more righteous than he. Her son Perez continued the lineage that led to King David and ultimately to Jesus, as recorded in the genealogy of Matthew 1. This account highlights how God incorporates unexpected and marginalized figures into the messianic line, demonstrating themes of justice, redemption, and divine sovereignty over human failure.

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Biography

Tribe
Judah (by marriage)
Spouse
Er, then Judah
Children
Perez, Zerah
Era
Patriarchs
Nationality
Canaanite

Family

Tamar โšญ Judah
โ†“
Children
Perez, Zerah
Old Testament Patriarchs Woman Genesis

Did You Know?

1

Tamar cleverly retained Judah's personal seal, cord, and staff as a pledge for payment, using them later to prove his paternity and avert her own execution by burning under ancient customs.

2

Her twins' breach birth featured a scarlet thread tied to Zerah's hand, a detail that parallels later redemption symbols like Rahab's cord and underscores themes of primogeniture reversal in patriarchal narratives.

3

As a Canaanite widow, Tamar invoked the levirate obligation. Later codified in Deuteronomy. By disguising herself to conceive with Judah, resulting in Perez, whose line bypassed the expected heir Shelah.

4

Tamar is one of only four women named in Matthew's genealogy of Jesus, her inclusion alongside Rahab, Ruth, and Bathsheba highlighting Gentile ancestry in the messianic line despite cultural taboos.

5

Judah ultimately declared Tamar more righteous than himself for upholding family duty, a rare biblical acknowledgment that elevated her status and secured her place in the tribe of Judah's royal descent.

Key Passages

Tamar and Judah

Genesis 38:6-30

This story shows how God redeems messy human failures to preserve His covenant line through unexpected courage and grace.

A6nd Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.

7 And Er, Judahโ€™s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him. 8 And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brotherโ€™s wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother. 9 And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brotherโ€™s wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother. 10 And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also. 11 Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy fatherโ€™s house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her fatherโ€™s house. 12 And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judahโ€™s wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite. 13 And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep. 14 And she put her widowโ€™s garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife. 15 When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face. 16 And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me? 17 And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it? 18 And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him. 19 And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood. 20 And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the womanโ€™s hand: but he found her not. 21 Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place. 22 And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place. 23 And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her. 24 And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt. 25 When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff. 26 And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more. 27 And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. 28 And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first. 29 And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez. 30 And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.

Read full chapter: Genesis 38 โ†’

In the Genealogy of Jesus

Matthew 1:3

This shows how God graciously weaves even flawed lives into His redemptive plan through Jesus.

A3nd Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram;

Read full chapter: Matthew 1 โ†’