Rise of Pharisees and Sadducees
Two major Jewish sects emerge: Pharisees (oral law, resurrection belief) and Sadducees (temple aristocracy, no resurrection). Both feature prominently in the Gospels.
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Meanwhile in the World
Alexander the Great conquers from Greece to India (330s BC). Greek culture spreads everywhere (Hellenization). Rome rises to dominate the Mediterranean. The Maccabean revolt occurs. Julius Caesar is assassinated (44 BC). The Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) is translated in Alexandria.
Maccabean Revolt (167 BC), rise of Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes; Dead Sea Scrolls community