Roman Conquest of Judea
Pompey the Great conquers Jerusalem, ending Jewish independence. Judea becomes a Roman client state, setting the stage for the world Jesus was born into.
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Meanwhile in the World
Alexander the Great conquers from Greece to India (330s BC). Greek culture spreads everywhere (Hellenization). Rome rises to dominate the Mediterranean. The Maccabean revolt occurs. Julius Caesar is assassinated (44 BC). The Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) is translated in Alexandria.
Maccabean Revolt (167 BC), rise of Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes; Dead Sea Scrolls community