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Josiah

Portrait of Josiah

Josiah became king of Judah at the age of eight after his father Amon was assassinated, ruling for thirty-one years in the late seventh century BC during a time of political instability and spiritual decline. While overseeing temple repairs in his eighteenth year, the high priest Hilkiah discovered the Book of the Law, leading Josiah to tear his clothes in repentance and launch extensive reforms that destroyed pagan altars, idols, and high places across Judah and former Israelite territory. He renewed the national covenant with God, centralized worship in Jerusalem, and celebrated the Passover with unprecedented observance, actions described in 2 Kings 22โ€“23 and 2 Chronicles 34โ€“35 as the most thorough religious restoration in Judahโ€™s history. These reforms delayed divine judgment on the nation but could not prevent eventual exile after Josiahโ€™s death in battle, highlighting the lasting significance of his obedience to Scripture.

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Biography

Born
c. 648 BC, Jerusalem
Died
c. 609 BC, Megiddo (battle)
Age
39 years
Occupation
King of Judah
Tribe
Judah
Father
Amon
Mother
Jedidah
Children
Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Zedekiah
Era
Divided Kingdom (c. 640-609 BC)
Nationality
Judean

Family

Parents
Amon Jedidah
โ†“
Josiah
โ†“
Children
Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Zedekiah
Old Testament Divided Kingdom King 2 Kings

Did You Know?

1

Josiah extended his religious purge beyond Judah into the ruins of the northern kingdom, personally defiling the altar at Bethel by burning the bones of its priests on it and thereby fulfilling a specific prophecy made against Jeroboam three hundred years earlier.

2

The scroll discovered by high priest Hilkiah during temple repairs prompted Josiah to consult the prophetess Huldah rather than any male prophet, and her oracle both confirmed coming judgment on Judah and promised Josiah a peaceful death because of his responsive humility.

3

At age twenty-six Josiah funded an unprecedented national Passover from his own resources and those of his officials, an observance described as unequaled since the era of the judges and attended by participants from both Judah and the remnant of the northern tribes.

4

Josiah's reform involved systematically removing and burning vessels dedicated to Baal, Asherah, and the host of heaven from the Jerusalem temple, then scattering their ashes over graves, reversing the syncretistic installations his grandfather Manasseh had erected decades before.

5

Josiah died at Megiddo in 609 BC while intercepting Pharaoh Necho's northward march, an intervention recorded in both biblical and Babylonian sources and lamented in a composition attributed to Jeremiah that is now lost.

Key Passages

Josiah's Reign Begins

2 Kings 22:1-2

This passage shows that even young leaders can spark deep spiritual renewal by choosing to follow God wholeheartedly from the start.

J1osiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem. And his motherโ€™s name was Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Boscath.

2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, and walked in all the way of David his father, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left.

Read full chapter: 2 Kings 22 โ†’

The Book of the Law Found

2 Kings 22:8-13

This passage shows how rediscovering God's Word can humble leaders and spark heartfelt renewal for an entire people.

A8nd Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, and he read it.

9 And Shaphan the scribe came to the king, and brought the king word again, and said, Thy servants have gathered the money that was found in the house, and have delivered it into the hand of them that do the work, that have the oversight of the house of the LORD. 10 And Shaphan the scribe shewed the king, saying, Hilkiah the priest hath delivered me a book. And Shaphan read it before the king. 11 And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the book of the law, that he rent his clothes. 12 And the king commanded Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Achbor the son of Michaiah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asahiah a servant of the kingโ€™s, saying, 13 Go ye, enquire of the LORD for me, and for the people, and for all Judah, concerning the words of this book that is found: for great is the wrath of the LORD that is kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened unto the words of this book, to do according unto all that which is written concerning us.

Read full chapter: 2 Kings 22 โ†’

Josiah's Reforms

2 Kings 23:1-14

Josiah's reforms show how wholeheartedly returning to Scripture sparks renewal and restores true worship that honors God.

A1nd the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.

2 And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the LORD. 3 And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant. 4 And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel. 5 And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven. 6 And he brought out the grove from the house of the LORD, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people. 7 And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove. 8 And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a manโ€™s left hand at the gate of the city. 9 Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren. 10 And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. 11 And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the LORD, by the chamber of Nathanmelech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire. 12 And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron. 13 And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile. 14 And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men.

Read full chapter: 2 Kings 23 โ†’