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Nathan (Prophet)

Portrait of Nathan (Prophet)

Nathan was a prophet in ancient Israel during the reign of King David who served as a divine messenger to confront royal wrongdoing. After David committed adultery with Bathsheba and arranged the death of her husband Uriah to conceal the act, Nathan approached the king with a parable about a wealthy man who seized a poor man's only cherished ewe lamb. David condemned the injustice in the story, at which point Nathan declared, "You are the man," exposing the king's sin and prompting his repentance recorded in Psalm 51. This episode illustrates the biblical pattern of prophets holding even powerful rulers accountable, emphasizing themes of justice, mercy, and the consequences of moral failure in Scripture.

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Biography

Occupation
Prophet
Era
United Kingdom (c. 1000-960 BC)
Nationality
Israelite
Old Testament United Kingdom Prophet 2 Samuel

Did You Know?

1

Nathan not only rebuked David for his sins but also announced the death of their first child as divine judgment, fulfilling the prophetic word within days of the birth.

2

He later named the second child Solomon and bestowed the additional name Jedidiah, meaning "beloved of Yahweh," at God's command.

3

Nathan intervened politically by supporting Bathsheba in securing Solomon's throne, demonstrating prophets' influence in royal politics during the united monarchy.

4

Biblical tradition attributes to Nathan the composition of historical chronicles about David's reign, preserved in references within 1 and 2 Chronicles.

5

Nathan's use of the ewe lamb parable drew on ancient Israelite legal customs of fourfold restitution, forcing David to unwittingly pronounce judgment on himself before realizing the application.

Key Passages

Nathan Confronts David

2 Samuel 12:1-14

This passage shows how God sends faithful messengers to confront sin in leaders, offering mercy and a path to restoration through repentance.

A1nd the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.

2 The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds: 3 But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. 4 And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him; but took the poor manโ€™s lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him. 5 And Davidโ€™s anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As the LORD liveth, the man that hath done this thing shall surely die: 6 And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity. 7 And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul; 8 And I gave thee thy masterโ€™s house, and thy masterโ€™s wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would moreover have given unto thee such and such things. 9 Wherefore hast thou despised the commandment of the LORD, to do evil in his sight? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon. 10 Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thine house; because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife. 11 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun. 12 For thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun. 13 And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against the LORD. And Nathan said unto David, The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die. 14 Howbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die.

Read full chapter: 2 Samuel 12 โ†’

God's Covenant with David

2 Samuel 7:1-17

This passage shows God's gracious promise to establish an eternal kingdom through David's line, giving us lasting hope in His faithful plan.

A1nd it came to pass, when the king sat in his house, and the LORD had given him rest round about from all his enemies;

2 That the king said unto Nathan the prophet, See now, I dwell in an house of cedar, but the ark of God dwelleth within curtains. 3 And Nathan said to the king, Go, do all that is in thine heart; for the LORD is with thee. 4 And it came to pass that night, that the word of the LORD came unto Nathan, saying, 5 Go and tell my servant David, Thus saith the LORD, Shalt thou build me an house for me to dwell in? 6 Whereas I have not dwelt in any house since the time that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in a tent and in a tabernacle. 7 In all the places wherein I have walked with all the children of Israel spake I a word with any of the tribes of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people Israel, saying, Why build ye not me an house of cedar? 8 Now therefore so shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I took thee from the sheepcote, from following the sheep, to be ruler over my people, over Israel: 9 And I was with thee whithersoever thou wentest, and have cut off all thine enemies out of thy sight, and have made thee a great name, like unto the name of the great men that are in the earth. 10 Moreover I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no more; neither shall the children of wickedness afflict them any more, as beforetime, 11 And as since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel, and have caused thee to rest from all thine enemies. Also the LORD telleth thee that he will make thee an house. 12 And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever. 14 I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: 15 But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. 16 And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever. 17 According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David.

Read full chapter: 2 Samuel 7 โ†’