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Joseph

Portrait of Joseph

Joseph, the favored son of Jacob, aroused such jealousy in his brothers that they sold him into slavery in Egypt, where he endured false accusation and imprisonment. Through his God-given ability to interpret dreams, Joseph rose to become second in command under Pharaoh, organizing the storage of grain that saved Egypt and surrounding nations from a devastating seven-year famine. When his brothers later sought food in Egypt, Joseph forgave them and brought his entire family to safety there, preserving the covenant line that would become the nation of Israel. This account underscores Godโ€™s providential care, turning betrayal into blessing and setting the stage for the Exodus narrative.

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Genesis Overview (Part 2: Ch. 12-50)

Joseph's story shows how God works through human failure to accomplish his purposes.

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Commentary

Joseph: When Betrayal Becomes Redemption

His brothers sold him into slavery. Years later, he forgave them.

Commentary by Bible Navigator.

This commentary is for inspirational and educational purposes only. It is not professional counseling, therapy, medical advice, or a substitute for professional help. If you are in crisis or need support, please reach out to a licensed professional or call 988 (Suicide & Crisis Lifeline).

Biography

Born
c. 1915 BC, Paddan-Aram
Died
c. 1805 BC, Egypt
Age
110 years
Occupation
Vizier of Egypt
Tribe
Joseph
Father
Jacob
Mother
Rachel
Spouse
Asenath
Children
Ephraim, Manasseh
Era
Patriarchs
Nationality
Hebrew
Also Known As
Zaphenath-Paneah

Family

Parents
โ†“
Joseph โšญ Asenath
โ†“
Children
Old Testament Patriarchs Other Genesis

Did You Know?

1

Joseph interpreted Pharaoh's dreams at age 30 using a system of symbolic numerology common in ancient Near Eastern oneiromancy, leading to his appointment as vizier and the construction of state granaries that centralized Egypt's agricultural economy.

2

During the famine Joseph purchased all Egyptian farmland for Pharaoh except priestly estates, transforming freeholders into royal serfs and establishing a precedent for pharaonic land monopoly documented in Egyptian records from the late Middle Kingdom.

3

Joseph deliberately used an Egyptian interpreter when interrogating his brothers in Genesis 42, concealing his fluency in Hebrew to test their repentance while they remained unaware he understood their private conversation.

4

His Egyptian wife Asenath, daughter of the priest of On (Heliopolis), bore sons Manasseh and Ephraim whose names reflected Joseph's assimilation yet later became tribes that received Joseph's double inheritance under Jacob's blessing.

5

Joseph insisted his bones be carried from Egypt at the Exodus, resulting in their eventual burial at Shechem; this request aligned with Egyptian elite burial practices but preserved his patriarchal identity for future generations.

Key Passages

Joseph's Dreams

Genesis 37:1-11

God reveals Joseph's future authority through dreams, but the path to fulfillment will pass through suffering - establishing the biblical pattern that God's exaltation comes through humiliation.

A1nd Jacob dwelt in the land wherein his father was a stranger, in the land of Canaan.

2 These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, his fatherโ€™s wives: and Joseph brought unto his father their evil report. 3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age: and he made him a coat of many colours. 4 And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all his brethren, they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto him. 5 And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it his brethren: and they hated him yet the more. 6 And he said unto them, Hear, I pray you, this dream which I have dreamed: 7 For, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also stood upright; and, behold, your sheaves stood round about, and made obeisance to my sheaf. 8 And his brethren said to him, Shalt thou indeed reign over us? or shalt thou indeed have dominion over us? And they hated him yet the more for his dreams, and for his words. 9 And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me. 10 And he told it to his father, and to his brethren: and his father rebuked him, and said unto him, What is this dream that thou hast dreamed? Shall I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to bow down ourselves to thee to the earth? 11 And his brethren envied him; but his father observed the saying.

Read full chapter: Genesis 37 โ†’

Sold into Slavery

Genesis 37:12-36

Joseph's brothers intend evil, but God uses their betrayal to position Joseph for his future role. This becomes the Bible's clearest illustration of God's sovereign providence over human sin.

A12nd his brethren went to feed their fatherโ€™s flock in Shechem.

13 And Israel said unto Joseph, Do not thy brethren feed the flock in Shechem? come, and I will send thee unto them. And he said to him, Here am I. 14 And he said to him, Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy brethren, and well with the flocks; and bring me word again. So he sent him out of the vale of Hebron, and he came to Shechem. 15 And a certain man found him, and, behold, he was wandering in the field: and the man asked him, saying, What seekest thou? 16 And he said, I seek my brethren: tell me, I pray thee, where they feed their flocks. 17 And the man said, They are departed hence; for I heard them say, Let us go to Dothan. And Joseph went after his brethren, and found them in Dothan. 18 And when they saw him afar off, even before he came near unto them, they conspired against him to slay him. 19 And they said one to another, Behold, this dreamer cometh. 20 Come now therefore, and let us slay him, and cast him into some pit, and we will say, Some evil beast hath devoured him: and we shall see what will become of his dreams. 21 And Reuben heard it, and he delivered him out of their hands; and said, Let us not kill him. 22 And Reuben said unto them, Shed no blood, but cast him into this pit that is in the wilderness, and lay no hand upon him; that he might rid him out of their hands, to deliver him to his father again. 23 And it came to pass, when Joseph was come unto his brethren, that they stript Joseph out of his coat, his coat of many colours that was on him; 24 And they took him, and cast him into a pit: and the pit was empty, there was no water in it. 25 And they sat down to eat bread: and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a company of Ishmeelites came from Gilead with their camels bearing spicery and balm and myrrh, going to carry it down to Egypt. 26 And Judah said unto his brethren, What profit is it if we slay our brother, and conceal his blood? 27 Come, and let us sell him to the Ishmeelites, and let not our hand be upon him; for he is our brother and our flesh. And his brethren were content. 28 Then there passed by Midianites merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites for twenty pieces of silver: and they brought Joseph into Egypt. 29 And Reuben returned unto the pit; and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit; and he rent his clothes. 30 And he returned unto his brethren, and said, The child is not; and I, whither shall I go? 31 And they took Josephโ€™s coat, and killed a kid of the goats, and dipped the coat in the blood; 32 And they sent the coat of many colours, and they brought it to their father; and said, This have we found: know now whether it be thy sonโ€™s coat or no. 33 And he knew it, and said, It is my sonโ€™s coat; an evil beast hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces. 34 And Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days. 35 And all his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; but he refused to be comforted; and he said, For I will go down into the grave unto my son mourning. Thus his father wept for him. 36 And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaohโ€™s, and captain of the guard.

Read full chapter: Genesis 37 โ†’

Rise to Power in Egypt

Genesis 41:37-57

From prisoner to prime minister in a single day - Joseph's elevation demonstrates God's ability to reverse circumstances instantly and use faithful servants to preserve nations.

A37nd the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants.

38 And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is? 39 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath shewed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art: 40 Thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou. 41 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the land of Egypt. 42 And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Josephโ€™s hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck; 43 And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt. 44 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt. 45 And Pharaoh called Josephโ€™s name Zaphnathpaaneah; and he gave him to wife Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On. And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt. 46 And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt. 47 And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by handfuls. 48 And he gathered up all the food of the seven years, which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was round about every city, laid he up in the same. 49 And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number. 50 And unto Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine came, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On bare unto him. 51 And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God, said he, hath made me forget all my toil, and all my fatherโ€™s house. 52 And the name of the second called he Ephraim: For God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction. 53 And the seven years of plenteousness, that was in the land of Egypt, were ended. 54 And the seven years of dearth began to come, according as Joseph had said: and the dearth was in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. 55 And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians, Go unto Joseph; what he saith to you, do. 56 And the famine was over all the face of the earth: And Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the famine waxed sore in the land of Egypt. 57 And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; because that the famine was so sore in all lands.

Read full chapter: Genesis 41 โ†’

Reunion with Brothers

Genesis 45:1-15

Joseph's tearful revelation to his brothers and his declaration 'God sent me ahead of you' is one of Scripture's most powerful statements of divine providence working through human evil.

T1hen Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried, Cause every man to go out from me. And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren.

2 And he wept aloud: and the Egyptians and the house of Pharaoh heard. 3 And Joseph said unto his brethren, I am Joseph; doth my father yet live? And his brethren could not answer him; for they were troubled at his presence. 4 And Joseph said unto his brethren, Come near to me, I pray you. And they came near. And he said, I am Joseph your brother, whom ye sold into Egypt. 5 Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves, that ye sold me hither: for God did send me before you to preserve life. 6 For these two years hath the famine been in the land: and yet there are five years, in the which there shall neither be earing nor harvest. 7 And God sent me before you to preserve you a posterity in the earth, and to save your lives by a great deliverance. 8 So now it was not you that sent me hither, but God: and he hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt. 9 Haste ye, and go up to my father, and say unto him, Thus saith thy son Joseph, God hath made me lord of all Egypt: come down unto me, tarry not: 10 And thou shalt dwell in the land of Goshen, and thou shalt be near unto me, thou, and thy children, and thy childrenโ€™s children, and thy flocks, and thy herds, and all that thou hast: 11 And there will I nourish thee; for yet there are five years of famine; lest thou, and thy household, and all that thou hast, come to poverty. 12 And, behold, your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is my mouth that speaketh unto you. 13 And ye shall tell my father of all my glory in Egypt, and of all that ye have seen; and ye shall haste and bring down my father hither. 14 And he fell upon his brother Benjaminโ€™s neck, and wept; and Benjamin wept upon his neck. 15 Moreover he kissed all his brethren, and wept upon them: and after that his brethren talked with him.

Read full chapter: Genesis 45 โ†’